Updated Calibration of the LOFAR Low-Band Antennas

K. Mulrey; A. Bonardi; S. Buitink; A. Corstanje; H. Falcke; B.M. Hare; J. Hörandel; P. Mitra; A. Nelles; J.P. Rachen; L. Rossetto; P. Schellart; O. Scholten; S. ter Veen; S. Thoudam; T.N.G. Trinh; T Winchen

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201921604006

All issues

Volume 216 (2019)

EPJ Web Conf., 216 (2019) 04006

Abstract

Open Access

Issue		EPJ Web Conf. Volume 216, 2019 8^th International Conference on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities (ARENA 2018)


Article Number		04006
Number of page(s)		3
Section		Future and Perspectives
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921604006
Published online		24 September 2019

EPJ Web of Conferences 216, 04006 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921604006

Updated Calibration of the LOFAR Low-Band Antennas

K. Mulrey¹^★, A. Bonardi², S. Buitink¹, A. Corstanje², H. Falcke²^,3^,4, B.M. Hare⁵, J. Hörandel¹^,2^,3, P. Mitra¹, A. Nelles⁹^,10, J.P. Rachen², L. Rossetto², P. Schellart²^,6, O. Scholten⁵^,7, S. ter Veen²^,4, S. Thoudam²^,8, T.N.G. Trinh²^,8 and T Winchen¹

¹ Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels Belgium
² Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, P.O, Box 9010, 6500, GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
³ NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098, XG Amsterdam The Netherlands
⁴ Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990, AA Dwingeloo The Netherland
⁵ KVI-CART, University Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700, AB Groningen The Netherland
⁶ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
⁷ Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels Belgium
⁸ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, SLinnéuniversitete, Växjö,, Germany
⁹ DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Zeuthen Belgium
¹⁰ Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, Newtonstr, 15,12489, Berlin Germany

^★ e-mail: kmulrey@vub.be, funded by ERC No 640130

Published online: 24 September 2019

Abstract

The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) telescope measures radio emission from air showers. In order to interpret the data, an absolute, frequency dependent calibration is required. Due to a growing need for a better understanding of the measured frequency spectrum, we revisit the calibration of the LOFAR antennas in the range of 30—80 MHz. Using the galactic radio emission and a detailed model of the LOFAR signal chain, we find a calibration that provides an absolute energy scale and allows us to study frequency dependent features in measured air shower signals.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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