Development of a Microcontroller System for Optimal Monitoring and Control for Solar Heating

¹ Osh State University, Institute of Mathematics, Physics, Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Power Engineering, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
² Fergana Polytechnical Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
³ Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 3 March 2026

Abstract

A system based on a microcontroller was made to improve the monitoring and control functions of solar heating systems. The proposed model combines multiple sensors and a photodetector into a single-circuit solar system. Its goal is to improve the efficiency of solar collectors in different weather conditions. The main part of this system is an ATmega16 microcontroller, which processes data from the temperature sensor and photodetector. This lets the pump control the flow of coolant in real time. After engineers create the control algorithm, they can use direct solar irradiance measurements to change the speed of the pump so that heat is transferred as efficiently as possible all day long. Smart light management features in the technology help it reach two goals: it changes its responses to changes in sunlight and uses less power by turning off when there is less light. Our experimental data shows that the microcontroller improves the performance of the solar heating system by making it more stable and energy-efficient. This technology implementation has the potential to improve the automation of renewable energy systems, which will lead to long-lasting, efficient solutions.