Sustainable Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Hemp Fiber Coir and Nano Egg Shell Particle for Biodegradability Evaluation

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Perundurai 638052, Tamil Nadu, India

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Published online: 29 May 2026

Abstract

Sustainable applications like, biodegradable packaging, aerospace and automotive industries are objective of this study's efforts to enhance and evaluate novel hybrid composite substances utilizing Hemp, Coir, and Nano Egg Shell Particle (NESP) as reinforcements at epoxy polymer matrix. The unique aspect of this work is the lack of prior research on composite systems that combine natural fiber (Hemp), bio-ceramic reinforcement (NESP), and an agro-waste filler (coir). In order to test the mechanical, thermal, biodegradability, and water absorption characteristics of five distinct compositions, we kept the epoxy content constant and varied the hemp fiber (25-5%), coir powder (5-25%) and nano egg shell particle (5%). For the composites, the production process began with hand lay-up and ended with hot pressing. In terms of tensile strength (44 MPa), flexural strength (87 MPa), and maximum hardness (90.5 Shore D), the sample that contained 25% hemp, 5% coir, and 5% nano egg shell particle had the best results. On the other hand, samples that had a higher Coir content were more suitable for environmentally friendly uses since they were more biodegradable (losing up to 18.2% of their weight) and absorbed more water (7.1% after 72 hours). Reinforcing all samples with nano egg shell particles greatly improved their thermal stability. Composites with the best combination of biodegradability, mechanical durability and environmental sustainability can be achieved by precisely controlling the reinforcing content, as shown in the study. A fresh approach to creating environmentally friendly composites with various uses has emerged with this integrated reinforcement system, which draws on both natural and waste-derived materials.