Instrumentation for Sound Wave Parameter Measurement: Design of Microcontroller-Based Acoustic Sensor

¹ Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
² Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 2 July 2026

Abstract

This research aims to design, create, program, implement, and optimize a prototype of Electronic Instruments using the Artec Robo 2.0 Kit to learn about sound-wave physics in STEM technology through experimental methods. The challenges faced include (1) difficulties in producing consistent sound signals, (2) the accuracy of detection of frequency and sound intensity, and (3) negative impacts on the environment, such as external noise interference. This prototype was designed, produced, and tested at the Basic Physics Laboratory of the State University of Jakarta. This instrument uses a buzzer, an acoustic sensor, and an IR Photoreflector to detect and analyze sound waves, generating relevant data for learning. The instrument can also be integrated with intuitive sound-analysis software, making it easier for students to learn about and understand sound-wave properties. However, due to acoustic sensor calibration issues, the instrument sometimes exhibits deviations in sound-intensity measurements. This system uses open programming with Scratch or Block Coding scripts, making it easier for students who have not yet mastered coding to learn.