Instrumentation and Control System of Voice-Controlled Smart Vending Robot Using Ultrasonic Sensor, DC Motor, and Microcontroller

¹ Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 13220, Jakarta, Indonesia
² Faculty of Information Technology, Batam Institute of Technology, 29425, Batam, Indonesia
³ Faculty of Economics, Muhammadiyah University of Sukabumi, 43113, Sukabumi, Indonesia
⁴ Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
⁵ Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Tekonologi Mara, 42300, Shah Alam, Malaysia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 2 July 2026

Abstract

This study introduces a smart retail system that integrates voice interaction, artificial intelligence, and robotic vending to connect digital recommendations with real-world product experiences. Designed to understand customer needs via voice input, it provides personalized suggestions and automatically dispenses product samples through a three-layer architecture consisting of IoT-based input sensing, AI processing, and robotic output. The proposed conceptual prototype demonstrates the feasibility of integrating voice interaction, artificial intelligence recommendation, IoT communication, and robotic dispensing within a smart retail environment. Preliminary technical validation indicates that the proposed architecture can support real-time customer interaction, automated recommendation generation, and product dispensing functions within a unified embedded platform. Overall, this research highlights the potential of combining voice AI, IoT, and robotics to develop a more interactive and efficient retail ecosystem and provides a foundation for future implementation and evaluation in real retail environments.