| Issue |
EPJ Web Conf.
Volume 354, 2026
19th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management (GCMM 2025)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 01004 | |
| Number of page(s) | 10 | |
| Section | Advanced Materials, Composites, and Electromagnetic Structures | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202635401004 | |
| Published online | 02 March 2026 | |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202635401004
Study of Modified and Improved Carbon Phenolic and Carbon Elastomeric Ablative Composites
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215
2 Department of Production & Industrial Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar 800014
* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Published online: 2 March 2026
Abstract
This article presents a structured comparative review of carbon-phenolic and carbon-elastomeric ablative composites used in thermal protection systems for aerospace and hypersonic applications. The review critically examines the influence of various ceramic, metallic oxide, and polymeric fillers on ablation behaviour, char formation, mechanical integrity, and erosion resistance. Reported studies employing oxy-acetylene torches, plasma wind tunnels, flames, and laser ablation are systematically analyzed using metrics such as linear ablation rate (LAR), mass ablation rate (MAR), heat flux, and exposure duration. The role of hybrid filler systems in enhancing char stability and thermal resistance is discussed through mechanistic correlations between filler chemistry, char microstructure, and ablation performance. Key challenges in data normalization and cross-comparison are highlighted. Finally, the article outlines specific future research directions, including multi-physics ablation modelling, AI-assisted material design, graded thermal protection architectures, and in-situ diagnostics, to advance the development of next-generation ablative composites.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2026
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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