Wind energy capture at constant and variable wind speeds

Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 11 June 2026

Abstract

This paper examines the behaviour of wind systems under both variable and constant wind speeds over time. It compares the amount of wind energy captured at average and instantaneous wind speeds. Using the kinetic moment equation, simulations were conducted for constant and variable wind speeds, highlighting the evolution of mechanical angular speed and captured wind energy. Findings show that, in the transient regime, the captured wind energy is divided between the electrical energy supplied to the grid and the mechanical energy of the rotating masses, whereas in the stationary regime, it is entirely reflected in the electrical energy delivered to the grid. For variable wind speed, the captured energy in the transient regime is greater than in the constant speed case; however, in the stationary regime, the values become nearly equal. This study demonstrates that it is possible to control the wind turbine to ensure operation at the maximum power point by understanding the relationship between the optimal mechanical angular speed and wind speed. The research provides insights into the grid connection of wind turbines and examines the impact of initial speed value under variable and constant wind speeds. Consequently, significant awareness regarding the turbine grid connection process is presented.