Compact Wide Band CPW Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna With Fractal Edge Perturbation For 5g X Band Application

¹ Assistant Professor – Senior Grade I, VIT Bhopal University, India
² Professor and Head, P.S.R Engineering College, Sivakasi, India.
³ Professor, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, India.
⁴ Assistant Professor, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 26 June 2026

Abstract

The huge growth of fifth generation (5G) networks and Internet of Things (IoT) environments has led to a corresponding need for small wideband antennas which can function at the various 5G sub-bands. In this paper, design, simulation, fabrication and experimental characterization of a compact single layer coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna with fractal-like stepped edge perturbations for X-band (7–13 GHz) frequency band application has been presented. Two antenna designs are presented and discussed: conventional rectangular patch (Model-A) and the modified one with the adding of edge perturbations on the radiating patch boundary (Model-B). CST Microwave Studio software with the time-domain solver was used to make full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Model-B antenna was designed from the conventional Model-A, with experimental results obtained from Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) that support the simulation trends, and physical prototypes were fabricated on FR-4 substrate using the conventional PCB etching technique, showing significant improvements over Model-A. The outcome shows that controlled edge perturbations are an effective solution for achieving simultaneously wideband, high gain, high radiation efficiency in antenna design without any increase in the antenna size, making the proposed design an excellent choice for the compact 5G IoT and wireless sensing devices.