Design and Development of an Automation System for Environmental Control and Automatic Irrigation in Aeroponics

¹ Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
² Physics Departement, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Academic Belt Road, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 2 July 2026

Abstract

Conventional agriculture faces challenges such as limited land availability and inefficient water usage, particularly in urban areas. Aeroponics offers a soilless cultivation method using nutrient mist spraying but requires precise environmental control. This study designs and implements an Arduino Uno–based automated aeroponic system to control air temperature, air humidity, light intensity, and water level, as well as to evaluate sensor accuracy and compare plant growth with a conventional system. The system integrates DHT22, BH1750, and HC-SR04 sensors with a microcontroller and LCD for real-time monitoring and control. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can automatically maintain environmental parameters within suitable ranges. Sensor accuracy testing shows that the DHT22 sensor produced average errors of 0.42% for air temperature and 1.95% for air humidity. The BH1750 sensor exhibited average errors of 3.34% in light intensity measurement. Furthermore, the automated aeroponic system resulted in better water spinach growth than the conventional system, indicated by improved stem height, leaf length, leaf width, and number of leaves. This system provides a practical solution for efficient aeroponic cultivation at household and small-scale agricultural levels.