Laser fluence-dependent LIPSS formed on the surface of niobium alloys Murodbek E. Vapaev, Furkat M. Tojinazarov, Bekhzod R. Sobirov, Shavkat R. Kamalov, Ikram Y. Davletov and Ganjaboy S. Boltaev EPJ Web Conf., 318 (2025) 05005 Published online: 17 February 2025 DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202531805005