Overcoming flow characterisation challenges and enhancing handling equipment selection for biomass and biowaste materials

The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom, ME4 4TB

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Published online: 1 December 2025

Abstract

Biomass and biowaste solids often have unique particle shapes and high moisture content, posing significant challenges in handling processes. Due to the typically wide range of particle sizes, the flow properties of these materials cannot be accurately characterised using traditional methods. Key challenges in characterising the flow properties of biomass and biowaste include extreme particle size variation, high compressibility of materials, irregular particle shapes causing flow issues, and high moisture content impacting handling properties. This paper presents a case study demonstrating and examining the effectiveness of existing characterisation techniques for biomass and biowaste, specifically for applications in storage silos and discharge. The study showcases the fundamental physical properties of biomass and biowaste, along with the unique behaviour they exhibit. The investigation explores methods for flow property characterisation and introduces a classification system based on physical format. This system aids in selecting suitable characterisation techniques and handling methods for specific materials. The case study illustrates how the challenges of irregular particle shapes, high compressibility, and elevated moisture content can be identified using the discussed classification system and characterisation techniques. Additionally, this highlights best practices in selecting and designing material handling equipment to address these specific challenges in biomass and biowaste management.