Performance Study of a Graphene Circular Patch Antenna for 6G Applications in the Terahertz Ultra-Wideband Spectrum

Intelligent Systems Design Laboratory, FS, Abdelmaled Essaadi University, 93002 Tetouan, Morocco.

^* Abdeddaim Rguibi: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 3 August 2026

Abstract

Graphene plays a big role in the proposed antennas for 6G applications due to its several characteristics, which help to overcome the different challenges, such as antenna miniaturization, high spectral efficiency, wide frequency range, and high data rate. Therefore, this paper presents a 6G circular patch antenna. It exploits graphene's ability to operate as a radiating element in the desired frequency range of 7.2-9.2 THz. The antenna is designed on a silicon substrate with a relative permittivity of 11, dimensions of 24 μm × 24 μm, and is simulated using CST Studio Suite. In addition, the design transforms the antenna from a narrowband configuration with a bandwidth of 0.33 THz into an ultra-wideband configuration with a bandwidth of 1.39 THz by employing a patch-cutting technique. The simulation results and equivalent circuit analysis demonstrate that the designed antenna satisfies the main requirements of 6G applications, including wideband performance, a gain of 7.44 dBi, a directivity of 7.59 dBi, a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) close to 1, and a high ra-diation efficiency reaching 95%.