The shape of dark matter haloes in the Aquarius simulations: Evolution and memory

¹ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Univ. of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
² Max-Plank-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße, 1, 85740 Garching bei München, Germany

^a e-mail: cavera@astro.rug.nl

Abstract

We use the high resolution cosmological N-body simulations from the Aquarius project to investigate in detail the mechanisms that determine the shape of Milky Way-type dark matter haloes. We find that, when measured at the instantaneous virial radius, the shape of individual haloes changes with time, evolving from a typically prolate configuration at early stages to a more triaxial/oblate geometry at the present day. This evolution in halo shape correlates well with the distribution of the infalling material: prolate configurations arise when haloes are fed through narrow filaments, which characterizes the early epochs of halo assembly, whereas triaxial/oblate configurations result as the accretion turns more isotropic at later times. Interestingly, at redshift z = 0, clear imprints of the past history of each halo are recorded in their shapes at different radii, which also exhibit a variation from prolate in the inner regions to triaxial/oblate in the outskirts. Provided that the Aquarius haloes are fair representatives of Milky Way-like 10¹²M_☉ objects, we conclude that the shape of such dark matter haloes is a complex, time-dependent property, with each radial shell retaining memory of the conditions at the time of collapse.