Issue |
EPJ Web of Conferences
Volume 21, 2012
CNR*11 – Third International Workshop on Compound Nuclear Reactions and Related Topics
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Article Number | 04002 | |
Number of page(s) | 15 | |
Section | Statistical Model and Gamma-Ray Strength Functions | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122104002 | |
Published online | 14 February 2012 |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122104002
Dynamical phase transitions in quantum mechanics
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
a e-mail: rotter@pks.mpg.de
The nucleus is described as an open many-body quantum system with a non-Hermitian Hamilton operator the eigenvalues of which are complex, in general. The eigenvalues may cross in the complex plane (exceptional points), the phases of the eigenfunctions are not rigid in approaching the crossing points and the widths bifurcate. By varying only one parameter, the eigenvalue trajectories usually avoid crossing and width bifurcation occurs at the critical value of avoided crossing. An analog spectroscopic redistribution takes place for discrete states below the particle decay threshold. By this means, a dynamical phase transition occurs in the many-level system starting at a critical value of the level density. Hence the properties of the low-lying nuclear states (described well by the shell model) and those of highly excited nuclear states (described by random ensembles) differ fundamentally from one another. The statement of Niels Bohr on the collective features of compound nucleus states at high level density is therefore not in contradiction to the shell-model description of nuclear (and atomic) states at low level density. Dynamical phase transitions are observed experimentally in different quantum mechanical systems by varying one or two parameters.
© Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2012
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