Dynamically regulated star formation in the strongly interacting Taffy galaxies

¹ Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), C/ Alfonso XII, 3, Madrid 28014, Spain
² Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
³ Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
⁴ Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

^* e-mail: axel.garcia@oan.es
^** e-mail: a.usero@oan.es

Published online: 7 September 2022

Abstract

The Taffy system stands out as one of the strongest gas-rich galaxy mergers with little star formation (SF) activity. We study the causes of this SF inefficiency by observing with the IRAM 30m telescope the line emission of several species in 6 positions. We report clear detections of tracers of bulk (¹²CO and ¹³CO) and dense (HCN and HCO⁺) molecular gas in all regions, as well as evidence for shocks (SiO J=2–1) over the intergalactic bridge. Our observations not only confirm the SF inefficiency of the bulk gas, but they also show that the SF efficiency of the dense gas phase is abnormally low too (∼1 dex below ULIRGs). The dense gas fraction (∝ HCN/CO) only shows small variations across the entire system, with a typical value of 4%. Although this fraction is somewhat low compared to other interacting/merging systems, it is similar to the values measured in the disk of nearby, normal star-forming galaxies. Finally, we use the outstanding properties of the Taffy system to place constraints on some of the turbulence-regulated SF models from the literature.