Quantum Field Theory and its Anomalies for Topological Matter

¹ Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, INFN-Lecce, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
² Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano (LE), Italy
³ CNR Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), SP Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy

^* e-mail: claudio.coriano@le.infn.it
^** e-mail: mario.creti@unisalento.it
^*** e-mail: stefania.dagostino@iit.it

Published online: 17 November 2022

Abstract

Topology enters in quantum field theory (qft) in multiple forms: one of the most important, in non-abelian gauge theories, being in the identification of the θ vacuum in QCD. A very relevant aspect of this connection is through the phenomenon of chiral and conformal qft anomalies. It has been realized that a class of materials, comprising topological insulators and Weyl semimetals, also exhibit the phenomenon of anomalies, which are responsible for several exotic phenomena, such as the presence of edge currents, resilient under perturbations and scattering by impurities. Another example comes from the response functions of these materials under thermal and mechanical stresses, that may be performed using correlation functions of stress energy tensors in General Relativity. In this case the conformal anomaly plays an important role. We briefly illustrate some salient features of this correspondence, and the effective action describing the long-range interactions that may account for such topological effects.