Onset of pressure gradient on collective flow through balance and transition geometry

¹ Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran (Punjab) 140307, India
² Department of Physics, Khalsa College, Patiala (Punjab)- 147001, India

^* e-mail: sangeeta.ar003@gmail.com
^** e-mail: drvarinderjit@gmail.com

Published online: 22 March 2023

Abstract

The impression of mean field and spectator matter has been studied through the collision geometry dependence of reduced flow and elliptical flow in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) at intermediate energies using Isospindependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model for the reaction of ${}_{20}^{50}{\text{Cu+}}_{20}^{50} \text{and}{ }_{79}^{197}{\text{Au+}}_{79}^{197} \text{Au}$ at incident energy between 50 MeV/nucleon and 450 MeV/nucleon. The collision geometry at which the reduced flow and elliptical flow changes its sign is termed as balance geometry $({\widehat{b}}_{bal})$ and transition geometry $({\widehat{b}}_{trans})$ of flow, respectively. Our study reveals that $({\widehat{b}}_{bal})$ and $({\widehat{b}}_{trans})$ increases with increase in incident energy. In addition to this, the effect of nuclear charge radius has also been studied by using the isospin-independent as well dependent nuclear charge radii parameterizations.