Jet-flow coupling in heavy-ion collisions and the jetinduced diffusion wake

¹ Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) & Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
² School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis Applications (Ministry of Education), Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
³ Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Galicia-Spain
⁴ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
⁵ Nuclear Science Division MS 70R0319, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

^* e-mail: yangzhong1994@mails.ccnu.edu.cn
^** e-mail: Milo.lt.lf@gmail.com
^*** e-mail: xnwang@lbl.gov

Published online: 26 June 2024

Abstract

The diffusion wake accompanying the jet-induced Mach cone serves as a distinctive tool for investigating the characteristics of quark-gluon plasma(QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. This phenomenon results in a reduction of soft hadrons opposite to the direction of the propagating jet. Our study explores the 3D structure of the diffusion wake induced by γ-triggered jets in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy, utilizing the coupled linear Boltzmann transport and hydro model. We identify a valley structure caused by the diffusion wake, superimposed on the initial multiple parton interaction (MPI) ridge in both rapidity and azimuthal angle. This leads to a double-peak pattern in the rapidity distribution of soft hadrons opposite to the jets. In addition, when jet goes through the QGP medium, it will be affected by the flow velocity. So we take a new method to detect the effect of jet-flow coupling in heavy-ion collisions.