The superheavy nuclei: Fusion-evaporation reactions

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany

^* e-mail: J.Khuyagbaatar@gsi.de

Published online: 18 October 2024

Abstract

The synthesis of superheavy elements beyond the oganesson (Og, Z = 118) remains one of the actual topics in nuclear physics. For this purpose, the fusion reactions with projectiles heavier than ⁴⁸Ca, which were successfully implied for the synthesis of the heaviest elements, and actinide targets have to be used. However, empirical knowledge on such reactions is almost absent. In this work, the experimental cross sections of the “hot”, “cold”, and ⁴⁸Ca+actinide reactions were analyzed to reveal their differences in the three steps of the fusion-evaporation process. The evaporation residue cross sections represented as a function of the mean fissility parameter show the hitherto unnoticed difference between the “hot” and “cold” fusion reactions, which is in agreement with nuclear reaction dynamic studies. Based on the newly suggested systematics, the evaporation residue cross sections for the ⁵⁰Ti, ⁵¹V, ⁵⁴Cr, ⁵⁸Fe and ⁶⁴Ni-induced reactions with actinide targets were estimated within the two different empirical approaches.