Polarization mixing, bound states in a continuum, and exciton-polaritons in photonic crystal slabs by a guided-mode expansion approach

¹ Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy
² Flexcompute Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
³ Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA

^* e-mail: lucio.andreani@unipv.it

Published online: 31 October 2024

Abstract

Photonic crystal (PhC) slabs, or patterned multilayer waveguides, are known to support truly guided modes with no losses, as well as quasi-guided modes that lie in the continuum of far-field radiation. In this contribution, we present a guided-mode expansion approach – and the corresponding free software named legume – that allows calculating a number of features of PhC slabs: (a) symmetry properties and the issue of polarization mixing in coupling to far-field radiation; (b) the occurence of bound states in a continuum, which have infinite Q-factor and give rise to topological singularities of the far-field polarization; (c) the description of active two-dimensional layers through a suitably formulated light-matter coupling Hamiltonian, allowing to describe the regime of strong coupling leading to photonic crystal polaritons. Comparison with rigorous coupled-wave analysis, and the insurgence of non-hermitian features in the optical properties, are also addressed.