Particle-based modeling of continuum quasi-fragile matter fragmenting into granular-like packing

¹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France
² Andra, R&D Division, Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory, 55290 Bure, France

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Published online: 1 December 2025

Abstract

This work presents a numerical development of a two-dimensional particle-based model for simulating the mechanical failure of quasi-fragile materials. Inspired by Andra’s industrial applications, the study focuses on perforated concrete blocks designed to enhance compressibility and stress dissipation. The numerical approach builds upon the Discrete Element Method (DEM), incorporating an interaction zone concept inspired by peridynamics to capture long-range forces beyond standard particle bonding techniques. The model effectively simulates the progressive failure process, from initial elastic loading to fragmentation, where evolving micro-cracks develop into macro-cracks, leading to the formation of freely moving fragments. A sensitivity analysis explores key parameters, including interaction zone size, energy dissipation, and microstructural variability. Applied to experimental concrete structures, this numerical investigation aids in optimizing perforation designs for industrial needs.