Effects of Heat Treatment Produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) on SS 316L

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
² Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

^* Corresponding author: sachinsalunkhe@gazi.edu.tr

Published online: 19 December 2025

Abstract

This research systematically examines the microstructural evolution and mechanical property alterations in 316L austenitic stainless steel fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) following post-process heat treatment. As a material of critical importance in high-tech industries including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications, 316L alloy owes its widespread adoption to its remarkable combination of mechanical strength, exceptional ductility, and superior corrosion resistance. In the present investigation, SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel specimens underwent heat treatment at 400˚C, 650˚C, 950 ˚C, and 1150 ˚C for two-hour durations, followed by rapid water quenching. The influence of varying temperature parameters on microstructural characteristics, including grain morphology and porosity, and mechanical performance was comprehensively analysed. Our findings demonstrate that optimized heat treatment parameters can significantly enhance critical properties of SLM- produced 316L stainless steel, including hardness, ductility, wear resistance, and corrosion performance. These results provide important insight for improving the reliability and performance of SLM technology, particularly for manufacturing geometrically complex components in aerospace and automative applications. This study is anticipated to contribute to the development of industrial heat treatment optimization strategies for SLM processes.