Adaptive Biomimetic Aircraft: Nature-inspired enhancement of the aerodynamic design of aircraft to improve sustainable performance

Department of Physics, Dubai National School L.L.C., Dubai, United Arab Emirates

^* Corresponding author: yusra.elkalyoubi@dnsalbarsha.com

Published online: 19 December 2025

Abstract

Aviation is an essential component of the global transportation infrastructure and has experienced substantial growth in recent decades. However, this sector is also a significant contributor to global warming. The goal of this project, Adaptive Biomimetic Aircraft (ABA), is to address the problem of rising CO2 emissions in this industry by offering solutions that reduce the fuel consumption of conventional aircraft by enhancing aircraft aerodynamic design based on inspirations from nature, including shark hydrodynamics and owl flight mechanics. The first feature of ABA involves morphing wings characterized by adjustable, distinct degrees of curvature, mimicking owl wing curvature ranges, that adapt to various laminar and turbulent conditions. The second feature involves riblet microstructures, like that of shark denticles, applied to the surface of the aircraft to reduce fluid friction. Using SimScale CAE, the effects of each feature on the performance of the aircraft were studied. Five different wing models were designed and tested against varying Re values to determine the optimal design criteria for effective adaptability. Results show enhanced pressure distribution, lift-to-drag ratios, and skin friction across Re values, with marked reductions in fuel expenditure and a noteworthy decline in kilograms of CO2 emissions compared to a conventional Boeing 787-8.