Beyond the Canopy: Antiarthritic Potential of Phytochemicals from Plant Roots, Rhizomes, Fruits, Barks, and Leaves – An In-Vivo Review

¹ Research Scholar, School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
² School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
³ Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
⁴ School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

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Published online: 21 January 2026

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been utilized around the world to address a variety of disorders, including arthritis, and they come in many different formulations. This study aims to review the in vivo research that explores the antiarthritic potential of the natural compounds found in these various plant parts. We detailed the categories of phytochemicals, botanical families, key compounds, active ingredients, effective dosages, types of extracts, duration of experiments, and methods of arthritis induction. In this review, we came across 35 different plants that demonstrate antiarthritic activity in their roots, rhizomes, fruits, barks, and leaf extracts. We also outlined the mechanisms of action for the most common types of compounds. Our research indicates that flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins are the most abundant natural compounds found in the roots, rhizomes, fruits, barks, and leaves of these plants that show antiarthritic properties. Phytochemicals from plant parts like roots, rhizomes, fruits, barks, and leaves show potential in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and joint damage, while improving immune response and relieving arthritis symptoms. These plant-based compounds offer promising leads for future arthritis treatments.