N2CLS: The NIKA2 view of the distant Universe

S. Berta; R. Adam; P. Ade; H. Ajeddig; S. Amarantidis; P. André; H. Aussel; A. Beelen; A. Benoît; M. Béthermin; A. Bongiovanni; J. Bounmy; O. Bourrion; M. Calvo; A. Catalano; D. Chérouvrier; M. De Petris; F.-X. Désert; S. Doyle; E. F. C. Driessen; G. Ejlali; A. Ferragamo; A. Gomez; J. Goupy; C. Hanser; S. Katsioli; F. Kéruzoré; C. Kramer; B. Ladjelate; G. Lagache; S. Leclercq; J.-F. Lestrade; J. F. Macías-Pérez; S. C. Madden; A. Maury; F. Mayet; A. Monfardini; A. Moyer-Anin; M. Muñoz-Echeverría; I. Myserlis; A. Paliwal; L. Perotto; G. Pisano; N. Ponthieu; V. Revéret; A. J. Rigby; A. Ritacco; H. Roussel; F. Ruppin; M. Sánchez-Portal; S. Savorgnano; K. Schuster; A. Sievers; C. Tucker; R. Zylka

doi:10.1051/epjconf/202635301002

Open Access

Issue		EPJ Web Conf. Volume 353, 2026 mm Universe 2025 - Observing the Universe at mm Wavelengths


Article Number		01002
Number of page(s)		6
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202635301002
Published online		20 February 2026

EPJ Web of Conferences 353, 01002 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202635301002

N2CLS: The NIKA2 view of the distant Universe

S. Berta¹, R. Adam², P. Ade³, H. Ajeddig⁴, S. Amarantidis⁵, P. André⁴, H. Aussel⁴, A. Beelen⁶, A. Benoît⁷, M. Béthermin⁸, A. Bongiovanni⁵, J. Bounmy⁹, O. Bourrion⁹, M. Calvo⁷, A. Catalano⁹, D. Chérouvrier⁹, M. De Petris¹⁰, F.-X. Désert¹¹, S. Doyle³, E. F. C. Driessen¹, G. Ejlali¹², A. Ferragamo¹⁰, A. Gomez¹³, J. Goupy⁷, C. Hanser¹⁴, S. Katsioli¹⁵^,16, F. Kéruzoré¹⁷, C. Kramer¹, B. Ladjelate⁵, G. Lagache⁶, S. Leclercq¹, J.-F. Lestrade¹⁸, J. F. Macías-Pérez⁹, S. C. Madden⁴, A. Maury¹⁹^,20^,4, F. Mayet⁹, A. Monfardini⁷, A. Moyer-Anin⁹, M. Muñoz-Echeverría²¹, I. Myserlis⁵, A. Paliwal²², L. Perotto⁹, G. Pisano¹⁰, N. Ponthieu¹¹, V. Revéret⁴, A. J. Rigby²³, A. Ritacco⁹, H. Roussel²⁴, F. Ruppin²⁵, M. Sánchez-Portal⁵, S. Savorgnano⁹, K. Schuster¹, A. Sievers⁵, C. Tucker³ and R. Zylka¹

¹ Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Saint Martin d’Hères, France
² Univ. Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁴ Univ. Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁵ Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Granada, Spain
⁶ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), Marseille, France
⁷ Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
⁸ Univ. de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
⁹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, av. des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
¹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
¹¹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
¹² Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), School of Astronomy, Tehran, Iran
¹³ Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
¹⁴ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
¹⁵ National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, Ioannou Metaxa and Vasileos Pavlou GR-15236, Athens, Greece
¹⁶ Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy & Mechanics, Faculty of Physics, Univ. of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR-15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
¹⁷ High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Av., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
¹⁸ LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ., UPMC, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁹ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
²⁰ ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
²¹ IRAP, CNRS, Univ. de Toulouse, CNES, UT3-UPS, (Toulouse), France
²² Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
²³ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
²⁴ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS (UMR7095), Paris, France
²⁵ Univ. de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

Published online: 20 February 2026

Abstract

The N2CLS survey observed the GOODS-N and COSMOS fields at 260 GHz and 150 GHz with the NIKA2 camera, reaching the confusion limit in GOODS-N at 1.2 mm and approaching it at 2.0 mm. In this short proceedings, we present the results of the survey, including the source number counts, multiwavelength SED fitting, the dust mass function, the evolution of the dust mass density, and the physical characterization of the detected galaxy population.

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