Development of a Low-Cost, Power-Efficient Smart Farming Framework using LoRa and IoT

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Nandha College of Technology, Perundurai 638052, Tamil Nadu, India
² Department of Agricultural Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Perundurai 638052, Tamil Nadu, India
³ Department of Automobile Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
⁴ Department of Robotics and Automation, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpet 603308, Tamil Nadu, India
⁵ Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
⁶ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Balaji Chockalingam Engineering College, Arani 632317, Tamil Nadu, India
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nandha College of Technology, Perundurai 638052, Tamil Nadu, India

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 2 March 2026

Abstract

Industrial agriculture is embracing the idea of "smart farming" in response to the rising demands for food throughout the world and the difficulties inherent in traditional agricultural practices. The agri-food supply chain can benefit substantially from smart farming systems' increased efficiency, safety, and productivity because to their high degree of automation and real-time control. This study introduces a tailored smart farming system that utilizes a LoRa and Internet of Things (IoT) based wide-area wireless sensor network that is inexpensive, power-efficient, and has a long range. Existing Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) often used in industry and agriculture are connected with LoRa connection in this system. Through Simatic IOT2040, PLCs regulate, control the processes and devices. Agricultural machinery and environmental data can be tracked and managed remotely using this web-based solution. The conversations were automated with users of this messaging service by using the bundled Telegram bot. We have tested the suggested network structure and evaluated the route loss in the wireless LoRa.