Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Solanum trilobatum leaf extract and its efficacy on pancreatic cancer

^a Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai – 600119, India
^b Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
^c Freshman Engineering Department, Narsimha Reddy Engineering College, Kompally, Telangana - 500100 India
^d Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India

^* This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 10 March 2026

Abstract

Nanoparticles are widely used in anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agent, degradation of harmful organic dyes, and waste water treatment etc. In the present investigation on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are biosynthesized by using solanum trilobatum extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. This eco-friendly method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis along with low toxicity. The iron oxide nanoparticles were subjected to anticancer activity. The chemical structure, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized Solanum trilobatum iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, DLS with zeta potential, SEM, TEM and EDX. The results confirmed the successful formation of iron oxide nanoparticles with controlled size distribution and colloidal stability. Biological evaluation through MTT-assay revealed that the iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited significant, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against panc1 cells while displaying minimum toxicity towards normal McCoy fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that the Solanum trilobatum synthesized Iron oxide nanoparticles are safe and show potential for further investigation for pre-clinical studies for targeted cancer therapy.