Development of eco-efficient earth bricks incorporating mussel shells for enhanced thermal performance

¹ Team of Research in Energetics, Renewable Energies and Materials, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Polydisciplinary Faculty, B.P. 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
² Geosciences, Geonvironnement and Civil Engineering Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, B.P. 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
³ Industrial Engineering and Surface Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 22 May 2026

Abstract

As part of the development of sustainable and high-performance construction materials aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving energy efficiency, this study focuses on the incorporation of mussel shells, a by-product, for the stabilization of compressed earth bricks (CEBs). The main goal is to assess how the addition of mussel shells influences the thermal, thermodynamic, and mechanical behavior of these bricks. Different formulations were tested with incorporation rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% mussel shells. The results show that the incorporation of mussel shells enhances the thermal insulation performance of buildings by reducing heat transfer while increasing heat storage capacity. Dynamic thermal analysis revealed the existence of an optimal brick thickness ensuring an effective thermal phase shift. The novelty of this study resides in applying dynamic thermal analysis based on the NF EN ISO 13786 standard to compressed earth bricks stabilized with mussel shells an approach not previously reported in the literature. Regarding mechanical performance, the incorporation of mussel shells was found to strengthen the structural resistance of compressed earth bricks. Overall, these results highlight the potential of this approach as a viable and sustainable solution for the construction sector, while simultaneously valorizing a waste product from the aquaculture industry.