The study of the elliptical complex geometry orientation effect on the natural convection of hybrid nanofluid under the influence of uniform magnetic field

¹ Hassan II University, Higher Normal School, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
² Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Laboratory of Mechanics, BP 5366 Maarif, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 22 May 2026

Abstract

In this study, natural convection under the influence of a magnetic field was investigated via simulation in a square cavity with thermally insulated horizontal walls and a cold vertical wall, containing an elliptical heat source at different angles (θ = 0°, θ = 45°, θ = 90°) surrounded by a hybrid nanofluid consisting of titanium dioxide, copper and water. The Simple algorithm and the finite volume method were then employed to solve the equations. This study examined the effect of the Rayleigh number (Ra), the Hartmann number (Ha), and the volume fraction of particles (φ) in the medium on fluid motion and heat transfer. The results obtained for streamlines and isotherms at different θ orientations of the heated body show that the orientation of the ellipsoidal mass has a significant effect on thermal performance. These results provide important information for a better understanding of the design of cooling systems in the presence of a magnetic field.