Designing Modular Furniture for Circular Economy: A Framework on Reusability

School of Arts and Design, Woxsen University, Kamkole, Telangana, India

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Published online: 19 June 2026

Abstract

Every year, more than two billion tonnes of municipal solid waste are generated worldwide, with the furniture industry contributing significanüy to this total. Although modular furniture is often promoted as flexible and sustainable, most designs fall short in practice because damaged or missing components cannot be easily reused, repaired or replaced. This paper aims to address these limitations by developing a Reusability Framework Model that supports circular economy principles within modular furniture systems. The study examines current barriers to reusability and proposes a structured model that enables components to be repurposed, reconfigured or adapted across different stages of their lifecycle. Using a design-based approach and practical case scenarios, the framework demonstrates how component interchangeability, repairability and clear reuse pathways can extend product life and reduce material waste. The findings highlight opportunities for designers, manufacturers and policymakers to integrate reusability into mainstream production by prioritising standardisation, repairability and adaptable design. The framework also offers direction for improving resource efficiency within the sector. Future research may explore digital tracking, user incentives and policy mechanisms to strengthen circular design adoption.