Energy Yield Estimation and Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in a Tropical Urban University Setting: A Case Study of Universitas Negeri Jakarta

^1,4 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
^2,6 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
³ Management Business Graduate School, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
⁵ Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 2 July 2026

Abstract

This study estimates the energy yield and evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system for the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) building at Universitas Negeri Jakarta following the removal of net metering under Indonesian Ministerial Regulation No. 2/2024. The proposed system utilizes 180 m² of unobstructed rooftop space, enabling the installation of a 28.6 kWp monocrystalline PV system. The assessment covers annual energy production, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period under a conservative self-consumption scheme aligned with the current regulatory framework. Based on Jakarta’s solar irradiance of 1,750 kWh/m²/year and an assumed performance ratio of 0.78, the system is estimated to produce 39.8 MWh annually, equivalent to a specific yield of 1,392 kWh/kWp/year, while reducing approximately 24 tCO₂ emissions each year. With an investment cost of Rp 14 million/kWp and an electricity tariff of Rp 1,699.53/kWh, the system achieves an LCOE of Rp 1,244/kWh, an NPV of Rp 119 million, an IRR of 11.0%, and a payback period of 8.8 years over a 25-year project lifetime. The findings indicate that campus-scale PV deployment remains economically feasible despite the elimination of net metering.