Optimisation of bitumen using sulphur as a binder and coconut shell charcoal as a filler for sustainable road construction

Open Access

Issue		EPJ Web Conf. Volume 379, 2026 2^nd International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Methodologies, Technologies & Applications in Engineering (ICS2MT-2026)


Article Number		04003
Number of page(s)		10
Section		Transportation Engineering, Smart Mobility and Sustainable Infrastructure
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202637904003
Published online		03 August 2026

A.A.B. Moghal, B.C. Chittoori, B.M. Basha, Effect of fibre reinforcement on CBR behaviour of lime-blended expansive soils: reliability approach. Road Mater. Pavement Des., 19(3), 690–709 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1272479 [Google Scholar]
Jeffry, S. N. A., Jaya, R. P., Hainin, M. R., Abdul, N., & Hassan, H. Y. Effect of Nano Charcoal Ash Coconut Shell in Bitumen as Alternative Binder. IJRTE, 8(3S3), 517–523 (2019). https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c1092.1183s319 [Google Scholar]
B. Ramanjaneyulu, T. Manoj, M.A. Kumar, J. Bommisetty, B. N. M. Rao, C. Lavanya, Transforming Treacherous Terrains: Enhancing Black Cotton Soil Stability with Calcium Lignosulfonate and Marble Dust. E3S Web of Conferences, 588, 02018(2024). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458802018 [Google Scholar]
P. Samarthi, Y. Pamu, V.S. Pamu, A. Gurram, M. Kona, Assessing energy and water utilization via food consumption profiles: a case study of a girls’ hostel in an engineering college. Adv. Sci. Technol. Innov., (pp. 67–74) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63909-8_10 [Google Scholar]
J.K.R. Malaysia, Standard Specification for Road Works, FP, JKR/SPJ/2008-S4, 2008, pp. S4-58–S4-69. [Google Scholar]
A.T. Molvi, S. Singh, Experimental investigation of coconut shell charcoal ash in bituminous concrete. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1110(1), 012048(2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012048 [Google Scholar]
D. Girish, S. Reddy, H. Chappidi, Partial Replacement of Stone Dust with Coconut Shell Charcoal Powder in Flexible Pavement, TEM, vol. 83, 2020, pp. 890–896. [Google Scholar]
T. T. Nguyen, N. H. Tran, N. K. Bui, T. Vu, H. K. Pham, X.C. Bui, The investigation on the effects of sulphur on the performance of sulphur-bitumen binder. Road Mater. Pavement Des., 24(3), 795–818 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2022.2049351 [Google Scholar]
O. E. Emmanuel, U. E. Etuk, Effect of Coconut Shell Ash as Void Filler on Durability and Elastic Modulus of Asphalt Concrete. IOSR J. Eng., vol. 11, no. 5, 2021, pp. 39–45. [Google Scholar]
V. Gladkikh, E. Korolev, D. Husid, I. Sukhachev, Properties of sulfur-extended asphalt concrete. MATEC Web of Conferences, 86, 04024 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168604024 [Google Scholar]
M. E. Abdullah, N. N. M. Rosni, R. P. Jaya, H. Yaacob, N. A. Hassan, N. Agussabti, Effect of Charcoal Ash Coconut Shell from Waste Material at Different Size on the Physical Properties of Bitumen. Key Eng. Mater., 744, 121–125 (2017). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.121 [Google Scholar]
W. N. A. W. Azahar, R. P. Jaya, M. R. Hainin, M. Bujang, N. Ngadi, Mechanical performance of asphaltic concrete incorporating untreated and treated waste cooking oil. Constr. Build. Mater., 150, 653–663(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.048 [Google Scholar]
M. Norhafizah, M. R. Hainin, The effect of coconut shell on engineering properties of porous asphalt mixture. J. Teknol. (Sci. Eng.).78(7-2), (2016). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.9507 [Google Scholar]
K. Gunasekaran, P. Kumar, M. Lakshmipathy, Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(1), 92–98 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.053 [Google Scholar]
J. Sarki, S. Hassan, V. Aigbodion, J. Oghenevweta, Potential of using coconut shell particle fillers in eco-composite materials. J. Alloys Compd., 509(5), 2381–2385(2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.11.025 [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.