Sensitivity Study of Nuclear Reactions Influencing Photospheric Radius Expansion X-Ray Bursts

¹ Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
² School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
⁴ OzGrav-Monash – MOCA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
⁵ Center of Excellence for Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO-3D), Australia
⁶ Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
⁷ International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research – Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

^* e-mail: lamyihua@impcas.ac.cn
^** e-mail: alexander.heger@monash.edu

Published online: 24 February 2022

Abstract

Up to now, more than 62 of the 115 X-ray sources of low-mass-X-ray binaries have been identified as photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursters [1]. Galloway and collaborators expect more PRE bursters in their near future analysis [2]. Although more than half of the discovered X-ray sources are PRE bursters, the bursting mechanism of PRE burster is still not adequately understood. This is because of the complicated hydrodynamics and variable accretion rates. An example is the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 [3, 4] that powered up the brightest Type-I X-ray burst (XRB) recorded by NICER in recent history [5]. The first 1D multi-zone model of SAX J1808.4–3658 was recently constructed [6, 7]. The pioneering model offers a first concurrent and direct comparison with the observed light curves, fluences, and recurrence times. With the three observables, a comparison between theory and observations could be more sensitive than the previous studies of the clocked burster and post-processing models. We perform a sensitivity study on (α,p), (α,γ), (p, α), and (p,γ) reactions with a total up to ~1,500 reactions. Our current result indicates that the observables are more sensitive to the competition between the reactions involving alpha-capture, e.g., the ²²Mg(α, p) and ²²Mg(p,γ) reactions competing at the ²²Mg branch point [8].