Results of the LHCf experiment and the forward measurements at the LHC

¹ Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
² Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
³ INFN Section of Florence, Florence, Italy
⁴ University of Florence, Florence, Italy
⁵ IFAC-CNR, Florence, Italy
⁶ Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
⁷ RISE, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
⁸ Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
⁹ Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
¹⁰ Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
¹¹ INFN Section of Catania, Italy
¹² University of Catania, Catania, Italy
¹³ LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

^a e-mail: sako@isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Published online: 26 June 2017

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider is intensively used to test hadronic interaction models used in cosmic-ray physics because its maximum (designed) collision energy √s = 14 TeV corresponds to the interaction of a 10¹⁷ eV cosmic-ray proton hitting the atmosphere. In this paper various types of forward experiments at the LHC, where the particles relevant to the air shower development are observed, are reviewed. Recent results of a dedicated experiment for precise forward measurement, the LHC forward, are discussed in detail. A future possibility at the LHC, light ion collisions, is also discussed.