Issue |
EPJ Web Conf.
Volume 145, 2017
ISVHECRI 2016 – XIX International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 17001 | |
Number of page(s) | 8 | |
Section | Hybrid Experiments & Exotics II | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714517001 | |
Published online | 26 June 2017 |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714517001
Investigation of EAS cores
1 P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2 Tien-Shan High Mountain Science Station, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3 Baykonurov Dgezkazgan University, Kazakhstan
4 Institute for Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
5 Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
6 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), MIPT (SU), Moscow, Russia
7 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
a e-mail: ser101@inbox.ru
Published online: 26 June 2017
The development of nuclear-electromagnetic cascade models in air in the late forties have shown informational content of the study of cores of extensive air showers (EAS). These investigations were the main goal in different experiments which were carried out over many years by a variety of methods. Outcomes of such investigations obtained in the HADRON experiment using an X-ray emulsion chamber (XREC) as a core detector are considered. The Ne spectrum of EAS associated with γ-ray families, spectra of γ-rays (hadrons) in EAS cores and the Ne dependence of the muon number, ⟨Nμ⟩, in EAS with γ-ray families are obtained for the first time at energies of 1015–1017 eV with this method. A number of new effects were observed, namely, an abnormal scaling violation in hadron spectra which are fundamentally different from model predictions, an excess of muon number in EAS associated with γ-ray families, and the penetrating component in EAS cores. It is supposed that the abnormal behavior of γ-ray spectra and Ne dependence of the muon number are explained by the emergence of a penetrating component in the 1st PCR spectrum ‘knee’ range. Nuclear and astrophysical explanations of the origin of the penetrating component are discussed. The necessity of considering the contribution of a single close cosmic-ray source to explain the PCR spectrum in the knee range is noted.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences 2016
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