Size Dependence and Dynamic Properties of Adobe Masonry Bricks tested at high strain rates

¹ TU Delft, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
² TNO – Defence, Safety and Security, The Hague, The Netherlands
³ European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy

Published online: 9 September 2021

Abstract

Masonry is a construction technique which typically reacts in compression. Characterization of its material properties in compression is thus of paramount importance. This especially counts for adobe bricks because their material properties are still unknown to a large extent. This traditional masonry, made of locally available soil and fibres, is spread in areas currently involved in military conflicts, where also European forces operate. Therefore, not only its static properties in compression, but even more the dynamic strength is a relevant parameter. Laboratory characterization of material properties still pose several challenges, among which so-called size dependence is one of the most controversial topics. This entails the possible variation of material properties values from tests on specimens of different size and shape. Several factors may concur to its determination and a well-founded theory does not exist yet. This counts for statics and even more in dynamics. Addressing the properties in compression of bricks at high strain rates is rare, namely no studies of size dependence on masonry bricks in dynamic regimes are published. Lately, a series of experimental campaigns were conducted by the authors at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. In these campaigns, a series of compression tests were performed on several types of adobe bricks. Different soil mixtures were used to produce cylindrical samples of different sizes. Compressive tests from 2e^-5 s^-1 to 10 s^-1 and 100 s^-2 were executed using hydraulic machines as well as split Hopkinson bars. Next, the static as well as the dynamic material properties as calculated from tests on specimens of different sizes and material compositions have been qualitatively and quantitatively compared and interpreted. In this paper, the experimental program is presented, next the material properties in strength and ductility as well as the dynamic increase factors are investigated.