Measurements of Cosmic Ray Mass Composition with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

^* Corresponding author: matthias.plum@icecube.wisc.edu

Published online: 28 April 2023

Abstract

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a multi-component detector at the South Pole. Besides studying high-energy neutrinos, it is capable of measuring high-energy cosmic rays from PeV to EeV. This energy region is thought to cover the transition from galactic to extragalactic sources of cosmic rays. The observatory consists of the deep in-ice IceCube array, which measures the high-energy (≥500 GeV) muonic component, and the IceTop surface array, which is sensitive to the electromagnetic and low-energy muonic part of an air shower. The primary energy and the mass composition can be measured simultaneously by applying statistical methods including modern machine-learning techniques to reconstruct cosmic ray air showers. In this contribution, we will discuss recent improvements to the reconstruction techniques, the mass composition sensitivity, and an outlook on future improved measurements with the full surface scintillator/radio array to mitigate snow accumulation and measure the air shower maximum X_max using imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes IceAct.