Discovering four space dimensions for the organization of electronic orbitals in a neon atom

College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China

^* Corresponding author's email: kunmingx@xmu.edu.cn; phone: (0086) 13666020697

Published online: 9 July 2025

Abstract

A neon atom includes a helium shell and a neon shell. The helium sphere is isotropic and may be regarded as a one-dimensional point whereas the neon spherical layer contains four basic space dimensions: two symmetric periphery points, two complementary semicircular arcs, two opposite hemispherical surfaces, and an outer solid sphere minus an inner sphere. While 2s electronic orbital pair are a four-dimensional hollow ball in shape, three types of 2p electronic orbitals in the X, Y, and Z directions are anisotropic because they are points, arcs, and surfaces respectively. The atomic structure with dimension stairs must have been the theoretical ground of orbital quantization in quantum mechanics. We suggest that electronic motion should be characterized by dimensional transformation through continuous dynamic calculus of electromagnetism instead of discrete linear algebra of mechanics. Eight electrons in a neon shell are undergoing general harmonic oscillations in their respective dimensions, forming a continuous octet cycle that encapsulates both 1s electrons in the middle. We delineate this exquisite order of electronic orbitals in a neon atom by geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and differential equations in conformity with the Schrödinger equations in a coherent manner. Experimental results from various aspects are furnished to support this fresh view of atomic structure.