The directions of limiting the use of artificial intelligence through regulation in Indonesia

¹ Bachelor of Law Study Program, Faculty of Law, Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura, 69162, Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia
² Bachelor of Law Study Program, Faculty of Airlangga, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
³ Betriebswirtschaft, Hochschule München, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany

^* Corresponding author: lucky.dafira@trunojoyo.ac.id

Published online: 22 December 2025

Abstract

Significant developments in information technology gave rise to artificial Intelligence (AI). Its existence seeks to help human activities be effective and efficient. AI is a technology that allows computers and machines to simulate human Intelligence and problem-solving abilities. The use of AI in Indonesia, based on existing data, is widely used by banks, health institutions, and e-commerce. The existence of AI has both positive and negative impacts. Therefore, there needs to be regulations governing the existence and use of AI. Until now, (1) There is no regulatory instrument that regulates the ethics and policies of responsible development and utilization of artificial Intelligence in Indonesia. (2) There is no supervisory institution to oversee and control the development and utilization of artificial Intelligence in society. (3) There are not enough regulations on the issue of data and sharing infrastructure that will be used publicly and openly by the community for research and innovation development needs. (4) There is no national standard for artificial Intelligence in Indonesia. Using a socio-legal research approach and empirical data collection, the study develops a policy framework aimed at restricting AI use in contexts where misuse may harm public interest, morality, or legal order. The findings show that AI restrictions must be tailored to specific sectors. For example, in the educational field, AI should be prohibited from generating scientific papers, as this undermines academic integrity. Such sector-based limitations must be formalized through legislation to ensure legal certainty and prevent unethical or unlawful behaviour. The research concludes that Indonesia urgently requires a comprehensive legal framework for AI governance. This includes establishing ethical principles, regulatory instruments, oversight institutions, data governance mechanisms, and national AI standards. Clear legal restrictions—such as banning AI-generated academic writing— should be codified to ensure responsible utilization and protect societal values. Without legal safeguards, AI’s rapid expansion risks creating gaps in accountability, ethics, and public trust.