Design of a graphene–copper hybrid antenna for multiband wireless communication applications

¹ Modeling, Information Processing and Control Systems (MIPCS) National School of Arts and Crafts, Meknes 50000, Morocco
² Intelligent Electrical Systems, Materials and Components. High School of Technology, Higher School of Technology, Meknes 50000, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 3 August 2026

Abstract

This paper presents a preliminary study of a hybrid graphene-copper microstrip antenna for multiband wireless communication applications. The novelty of the proposed design lies in the integration of conductive graphene strips into a conventional copper patch antenna to improve impedance matching, bandwidth, and radiation characteristics without relying on active switching mechanisms. The antenna performance was investigated using three different substrates, namely Flame Retardant 4 (FR4), Rogers RO4350B, and Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (RT/5880). The graphene layer was modeled using a conductive surface impedance corresponding to its conductive state. Simulated results demonstrate dual-band operation with resonance frequencies located at 1.43 GHz and 2.6 GHz for FR4, 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz for RO4350B, and 1.09 GHz and 2.3 GHz for RT5880. The achieved impedance bandwidth ranges from 100 MHz to 200 MHz depending on the substrate properties. Moreover, realized gains of approximately 4 dB for FR4 and 5 dB for both RO4350B and RT5880 were obtained. The results confirm the potential of graphene-assisted antennas for compact sub-6 GHz wireless and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems.