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All issues Volume 300 (2024) EPJ Web Conf., 300 (2024) 01004 References
Open Access
Issue
EPJ Web Conf.
Volume 300, 2024
9th Complexity-Disorder Days 2023
Article Number 01004
Number of page(s) 12
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430001004
Published online 08 August 2024
  1. Quoted by René GIRARD, Des choses cachées depuis la fondation du monde, Recherches avec Jean-Michel OUGHOURLIAN et Guy LEFORT, In René GIRARD, De la violence à la divinité, Paris, Grasset & Fasquelle, 2007, p.705 [Google Scholar]
  2. In 2023, social unrest has seen the resurgence of medieval effigy violence against representations of French President Emmanuel MACRON and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro SANCHEZ. In Japan, effigy violence is also used in certain companies today. [Google Scholar]
  3. Cf. the notion of “mirror neurons”. [Google Scholar]
  4. Didier JOUBERT, « Libertés, Droit, Désordres, les violences émeutières dans l’espace urbain, dynamique des phénomènes et organisation de la réponse sociale », thèse de doctorat, 2017, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 [Google Scholar]
  5. Thomas Sauvadet, Le capital guerrier. Concurrence et solidarité entre jeunes de cité, Armand Colin, coll. « Sociétales », 2006, 303 p [Google Scholar]
  6. Didier JOUBERT, « Libertés, Droit, Désordres, les violences émeutières dans l’espace urbain, dynamique des phénomènes et organisation de la réponse sociale », thèse de doctorat, 2017, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 [Google Scholar]
  7. Laurent Bonnasse-Gahot, Henri Berestycki, MarieAude Depuiset, Mirta B. Gordon, Sebastian Roché, Nancy Rodriguez & Jean-Pierre Nadal, Epidemiological modelling of the 2005 French riots: a spreading wave and the role of contagion, open source Nature SCIENTIFIC REports | (2018) 8:107 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-18093-4 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Another scientific publication - insufficiently known -, corroborates several experiential intuitions of the policeman by analyzing and modelling the rioting phenomena as a wave phenomenon: Henri Berestyckia, Jean-Pierre Nadal and Nancy Rodrıguez, A model of riots dynamics: shocks, diffusion and thresholds, in Networks and Heterogeneous Media February 2015, DOI: 10.3934/nhm.2015.10.443, Source: arXiv, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27252145A_Model_Of_Riots_Dynamics_Shocks_Diffusion_And_Thresholds, last consulted for verification on March 18, 2024. [Google Scholar]
  9. Cf. Hannah ARENDT, Du mensonge à la violence, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, Pocket Agora collection, 2010, p. 174–175. The author had an aversion to the organic metaphor that could justify the inexorable development of violence. [Google Scholar]
  10. Yves-Marie Berce, Croquants et nu-pieds, Paris, Gallimard, Folio-histoire, 1991, p.19 [Google Scholar]
  11. Yves-Marie Berce, Croquants et nu-pieds, Paris, Gallimard, Folio-histoire, 1991, p. 53 [Google Scholar]
  12. Yves-Marie Berce, Croquants et nu-pieds, Paris, Gallimard, Folio-histoire, 1991, p. 213 [Google Scholar]
  13. Yves-Marie Berce, Croquants et nu-pieds, Paris, Gallimard, Folio-histoire, 1991, p. 266 [Google Scholar]
  14. Jean Nicolas, La rébellion française, Paris, Gallimard, Folio histoire, 2008 [Google Scholar]
  15. Jean Nicolas, La rébellion française, Paris, Gallimard, Folio histoire, 2008, p. 361 [Google Scholar]
  16. Georges CARROT, L’ordre public en France, thèse de doctorat d’État, Presses de l’IEP de Toulouse, Toulouse, 1984, tome 1, p. 18 [Google Scholar]
  17. Elias CANETTI, Masse et puissance, Gallimard, Paris, 1966 [Google Scholar]
  18. Saint-Augustin, Confessions, VI, 8, 13 quoted by Hélène MENARD, Maintenir l’ordre à Rome IIème IVème siècles après J.-C., France, Champ Vallon, 2004, p. 21 [Google Scholar]
  19. René GIRARD, La violence et le Sacré, in De la violence à la divinité, Paris, Grasset et Fasquelle, 2007, p 332–333 [Google Scholar]
  20. Anne STEINER, Le goût de l’émeute, manifestation et violences de rue dans Paris et sa banlieue à la belle époque, Montreuil, éditions de l’échappée, 2012, p. 98 [Google Scholar]
  21. G. Mauger, L’émeute de novembre 2005. Une révolte protopolitique, Éditions du Croquant, Bellecombe-en-Bauge, 2006. On this issue, see also Régis Cortesero et Éric Marlière, L’émeute est-elle une forme d’expression politique ? Dix ans de sociologie des émeutes de 2005, Agora débats/jeunesses 2015/2 (N° 70), p. 57–77. DOI 10.3917/agora.070.0057 [Google Scholar]
  22. Jean Nicolas, aforementioned book, p. 828 [Google Scholar]
  23. Yves-Marie Berce, aforementioned book, p.60 [Google Scholar]
  24. Interdepartmental instruction 500 du 9 mai 1995, article 1er (repealed). [Google Scholar]
  25. Jean-François Dreuille, Revue de l’institut Rhône-Alpin de Sciences Criminelles, n°8 « Désobéïr », Mouvements sociaux et droit pénal : libertés fondamentales, répression et préservation de l’ordre public dans tous leurs états, p.136 & seq. [Google Scholar]
  26. Article L 211-9 of the code de la sécurité intérieure [Google Scholar]
  27. Article L 211-9 of the “Code de la sécurité intérieure”, second last paragraph, provides that “the representatives of the police force called to dissipate a crowd may make direct use of force if violence or assault is committed against them or if they cannot otherwise defend the land they occupy.” [Google Scholar]
  28. Raymond Aron, Démocratie et totalitarisme, Paris, Gallimard, Folio Essais, p.62 [Google Scholar]
  29. A well-known judgment of the European Court of Human Rights confirms that there can be no concrete exercise of civil liberties if the authorities do not demonstrate the “necessary tolerance that should be adopted” (ECHR Case of Barraco v. France, 05/03/2009, Application n° 31684/05, § 47) [Google Scholar]
  30. On these issues, one can be referred to two authors: Carl SCHMITT, who highlights the primacy of the political order over the legal order, and Walter BENJAMIN, who points out the hypocrisy between the affirmation of formal rights and social reality. [Google Scholar]
  31. Current drafting of article L 211-10 of the Code de la sécurité intérieure [Google Scholar]
  32. Jean Nicolas, aforementioned book, p.136 [Google Scholar]
  33. Decree of 10 Vendémiaire An IV (2 October 1795), article 1. Despite the passage of two centuries, the similarity of the wording with the current text is remarkable. [Google Scholar]
  34. Journal officiel de la République française(JORF), Laws and decrees, n°. 0105 of 18/04/1914 [Google Scholar]
  35. Every period of large-scale social protest and every episode of urban rioting gives rise to disputes between the State and the insurers of local authorities to determine whether or not the damage falls within the specific scope of liability for gatherings. [Google Scholar]
  36. Journal officiel de la République française (JORF), Laws and decrees, n° 132 of 8 and 9 June 1970. [Google Scholar]
  37. Law 81-1134 of 23 December 1981. [Google Scholar]
  38. Expressions taken from the report registered at the Presidency of the National Assembly on 10 June 2009, by Mr Christian ESTROSI, available at www.assemblée-nationale.fr, consulted on 14 March 2024. [Google Scholar]
  39. Law no. 2010-201 of 2 March 2010 strengthening the fight against group violence and the protection of persons entrusted with a public service mission, JORF, n° 52 of 3 March 2010. [Google Scholar]
  40. Law n°. 93-1282 of 6 December 1993 on the safety of sporting events, known as the Alliot-Marie law. [Google Scholar]
  41. Conseil constitutionnel, n° 2019-780 DC of 4 April 2019 [Google Scholar]
  42. Cass. crim. 20 January 1992, Gaz Pal. 1992, somm. 13, Dr. Pénal comm.1992.194 [Google Scholar]
  43. Chambéry, 8 March 1956 for a bobsleigh accident. [Google Scholar]
  44. Cass. crim. 31 January 2007, n°05-85.886, Bull. crim. 2007n°25, D 2007, Jur. p. 1843 [Google Scholar]
  45. IGNEUX decision, Cass. crim. 9 June 1948, Bull. crim. 1848, n°178 [Google Scholar]
  46. Cass. Crim. 23 March 2022, 21-82.958, published in the bulletin. [Google Scholar]
  47. Priority Question on Constutionality (QPC) Single scene of violence, 16 February 2022, Cass. Crim. no. 21-90.043 [Google Scholar]
  48. Cour d’Appel de Grenoble, 14 March 2003, n° 02/00619 [Google Scholar]
  49. Cass. crim, 28 April 2004, n° 03-83.783 [Google Scholar]
  50. Julie ALIX, Le Monde, “13 novembre: Le droit a été très absent de ce procès”, interview with Henri Seckel published 20 July 2022, modified 12 March 2023, https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2022/07/20/13-novembre-le-droit-a-ete-tres-absent-de-ce-proces_6135501_3224.html, consulted again for verification before publication on 15 March 2024 at 15:00. [Google Scholar]
  51. Article 25 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3, b) [Google Scholar]
  52. Article 25 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3, d) [Google Scholar]
  53. Article 25 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, 3, e) for the crime of genocide [Google Scholar]
  54. Creation of a « mégabassine » at Sainte-Soline (79) [Google Scholar]
  55. Available on the web-site of the french « Assemblée –Nationale » : https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/16/organes/autres-commissions/commissions-enquete/ce-groupuscules-violents-manifestations consulted for verification before publication on 23 March 2024 à 12h15. [Google Scholar]
  56. Available on the website of the Ministry of Justice: https://www.justice.gouv.fr/rapport-danalyse-violences-urbaines-fin-juin-2023, last consulted before publication on 21 March 2024, 15h50. [Google Scholar]
  57. Christophe Cazelles, Bernard Morel, Sébastian Roche, Les violences urbaines de l’automne 2005, Evénements, acteurs : dynamiques et interactions, Essai de synthèse, Centre d’analyses stratégiques, services du Premier ministre, 2007 [Google Scholar]

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