Determination of Rational Design and Geometric Parameters of a High-Performance Drill Based on a Mathematical Model of the Cutting Part

¹ Dept. of High-Efficiency Processing Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow, Russia
² Dept. of Cutting Tools and Shaping Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow, Russia
³ Lab. of Micromachining Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow; Russia
⁴ Center of Cognitive Technologies and Machine Vision, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow; Russia
⁵ Department of Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and Automation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, CH-200093 Shanghai, China

Published online: 26 April 2021

Abstract

Processing of high-precision holes in one technological operation is an urgent problem of advanced manufacturing. Processing of precise holes in parts for aerospace and machine-building industries with a diameter of up to 30 mm is performed during countersinking, deployment or grinding operations. These operations are applied only if there already exists a pre-treated hole. Monolithic three-fluted drills have been becoming common for processing high-precision holes of 7-8 quality over the last few years. The processing of various types of materials such as stainless steels, cast iron and heat-resistant steels requires rational geometric and structural parameters of the cutting tool. The nature of the load distribution between all the teeth during drilling plays a huge role in the processing efficiency. Even load distribution between the three teeth and a positive geometry improves self-centering and reduces the deviation from the specified axis of the hole. The drill sharpening provides positive geometry along the entire main cutting edge. The influence of the geometric parameters of the cutting edge of the screw groove on the shape of the drill bit is equally important. Existing approaches to the design of the thinning do not account for the influence of the geometric parameters of the cutting edge on the section of the screw groove. Analytical approaches to modelling of the main cutting edges are typically married with difficulties associated with achieving a smooth change in the angle of inclination to the tangent of the cutting edge. The complexity of the aforementioned task is largely due to the presence of critical points at the interface of the spiral groove and thinning. Determining the rational shape of two sections of the main cutting edge performed in this study is a complicated task that includes several steps needed to find the number of nodal points. Achieving a positive rake angle in the normal section to the cutting edge at the gash area that was formed via a special sharpening is one of the most important results of this paper. The rational shape of the cutting edge and the front surface provides an increase in the strength of the cutting part by 1.3 times.