Generating galaxy clusters mass density maps from mock multiview images via deep learning

¹ Departamento de Física Teórica and CIAFF, Modulo 8 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
² Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Roma, Italy
⁴ EURANOVA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) La Laguna, 38205, Spain

^* e-mail: daniel.deandres@uam.es

Published online: 28 March 2024

Abstract

Galaxy clusters are composed of dark matter, gas and stars. Their dark matter component, which amounts to around 80% of the total mass, cannot be directly observed but traced by the distribution of diffused gas and galaxy members. In this work, we aim to infer the cluster’s projected total mass distribution from mock observational data, i.e. stars, Sunyaev-Zeldovich, and X-ray, by training deep learning models. To this end, we have created a multiview images dataset from The Three Hundred simulation that is optimal for training Machine Learning models. We further study deep learning architectures based on the U-Net to account for single-input and multi-input models. We show that the predicted mass distribution agrees well with the true one.