A compact microstrip butler matrix with enhanced performance for 5G applications

¹ Laboratory of Science and Advanced Technology (LSAT), Department of Civil and Industrial Sciences and Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences, Abdelmalek Essadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
² Information and Telecommunication Systems Laboratory (LIST), Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Published online: 3 August 2026

Abstract

The article presents the design and simulation of a high-performance, compact microstrip Butler matrix optimized for 5G applications. Our proposed architecture meets the stringent requirements of next-generation wireless communication systems by providing efficient signal routing, low insertion loss, and a significant reduction in size. Key components of the network, including hybrid couplers, phase shifters, crossovers, and the overall network topology, were carefully designed and optimized to enhance system performance. The performance properties of each element, as well as the entire Butler network operating at 3.5 GHz, were simulated by means of electromagnetic analysis. These simulations suggest that there is good impedance matching, insertion loss, port-to-port isolation, and correct phase distribution. This makes the design suitable for 5G beamforming applications. Furthermore, its small size makes it convenient to fit into modern wireless devices, where achieving optimum performance and compact size are key requirements.